Religion
Jehovah's Witnesses
The New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible), the Watch Tower, and who Jesus is.
Jehovah’s Witnesses hold the Bible as God’s word. They teach that Jehovah alone is Almighty God, that Jesus is the first creation and is Michael the archangel, that the holy spirit is God’s active force, and that the Governing Body explains the text as the faithful and discreet slave.
These pages quote the New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible), its study notes, and Insight on the Scriptures beside the passages those notes explain. The paragraph around the verse is part of the passage. A Watch Tower sentence and the verse are both on the page when the article uses them.
Passages Compared lists every article on a rendering and every passage in the verse-by-verse comparison, including John 1:1, John 8:58, Colossians 1:16, Titus 2:13, Philippians 2:6, Luke 23:43, and the other places readers look up when they ask what the New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) changed or edited. Who Jesus Is, the Watch Tower, and the Trinity are linked from that list.
Early Christians Who Called Jesus God is the pre-Nicene evidence, including the Megiddo mosaic that offers a table to God Jesus Christ. The Council of Nicaea did not start that claim. Where Two or Three Are Gathered (Matthew 18:20) quotes the New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) of Matthew 18:20 beside the study note on the congregation.
New Testament writers also put the LORD’s words on Jesus. Old Testament Yahweh Texts Applied to Jesus is that list.
What Jehovah’s Witnesses Believe
The Watch Tower’s account of who Jehovah is, what Armageddon is, and who founded the organization.
- What Do Jehovah’s Witnesses Believe?
Jehovah’s Witnesses worship Jehovah as Almighty God, teach that Jesus is his Son and not God, and say he began ruling in 1914. They teach that 144,000 go to heaven and that other obedient people will live on earth.
- Are Jehovah’s Witnesses Christians?
Jehovah’s Witnesses say they follow Jesus and that he is not Almighty God. The Nicene confession is that Jesus is God.
- Who Founded the Jehovah’s Witnesses?
Charles Taze Russell led the Bible Students near Pittsburgh and edited The Watchtower from 1879. Jehovah’s Witnesses say Jesus is their founder. In 1931, under J. F. Rutherford, they took the name Jehovah’s Witnesses.
- What Is Armageddon?
Revelation 16:16 names Armageddon as the place where kings are gathered for the war of the great day of God. Jehovah’s Witnesses teach that this war destroys the wicked and that Jesus began ruling in 1914.
- Who Is Jehovah?
Jehovah’s Witnesses say Jehovah is the Creator whom Jesus worshipped, and they hedge the meaning of the name as what a number of scholars suggest. Mark and John apply the LORD’s words to Jesus. The spelling essay and the New Testament name count are other pages.
- Do the Dead Cease to Exist?
Jehovah’s Witnesses teach that the dead cease to exist. The King James speaks of being with Christ, and of judgment after death.
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- What Is Armageddon?
Revelation 16:16 names Armageddon as the place where kings are gathered for the war of the great day of God. Jehovah’s Witnesses teach that this war destroys the wicked and that Jesus began ruling in 1914.
- Who Is Jehovah?
Jehovah’s Witnesses say Jehovah is the Creator whom Jesus worshipped, and they hedge the meaning of the name as what a number of scholars suggest. Mark and John apply the LORD’s words to Jesus. The spelling essay and the New Testament name count are other pages.
- Do the Dead Cease to Exist?
Jehovah’s Witnesses teach that the dead cease to exist. The King James speaks of being with Christ, and of judgment after death.
- How Many Jehovah’s Witnesses Are There?
The 2025 service year lists 9,205,326 peak publishers and 20,635,015 at the Memorial. Pew finds under 1% of U.S. adults identify as Jehovah’s Witnesses.
- What Does Born Again Mean?
Jehovah’s Witnesses teach that the 144,000 are born again to rule in heaven. John 3 says a person must be born again to see the kingdom of God.
- What Happened in 1914 According to Jehovah’s Witnesses?
Jehovah’s Witnesses count 2,520 years from October 607 B.C.E. to October 1914, when they say Christ began to rule. Editors date the earlier capture to 597.
- What Is the Difference Between Mormons and Jehovah’s Witnesses?
Latter-day Saints and Jehovah’s Witnesses are different churches. One teaches that the Father has a body of flesh and bones. The other says Jesus is not Almighty God.
- Who Are the 144,000?
Jehovah’s Witnesses teach that 144,000 people are resurrected to heaven to rule with Christ, and that the great crowd lives forever on earth. Revelation 7 numbers 144,000 from the tribes of Israel, then a multitude before the throne.
Who Jesus Is
Who Jehovah’s Witnesses say Jesus is, beside the New Testament.
- What Does John 1:1 Mean?
John 1:1 says the Word was God. The New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) reads “a god.” The Greek and the King James do not.
- Is Jesus the Creator or a Creature?
Jehovah’s Witnesses say a literal reading of Colossians 1:16 would make Jesus the Creator, so the New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) adds “other.” John 1:3 and Hebrews 1:10–12 do not leave him outside creation as a creature.
- Is Jesus Michael the Archangel?
Jehovah’s Witnesses identify Michael the archangel with Jesus. Hebrews 1 sets the Son over every angel.
- Should We Worship Jesus?
Should we worship Jesus? The New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) says “obeisance.” The Greek verb is the same.
- Is the Holy Spirit a Person?
Yes. The Holy Spirit is a divine person, God with the Father and the Son. Jehovah’s Witnesses teach that the spirit is God’s active force.
- Was Jesus Raised Bodily?
Jehovah’s Witnesses say Jesus rose as a spirit creature. Luke 24:39, John 2:19–21, and 1 Peter 3:18 show whether the body that died was raised.
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- Should We Worship Jesus?
Should we worship Jesus? The New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) says “obeisance.” The Greek verb is the same.
- Is the Holy Spirit a Person?
Yes. The Holy Spirit is a divine person, God with the Father and the Son. Jehovah’s Witnesses teach that the spirit is God’s active force.
- Was Jesus Raised Bodily?
Jehovah’s Witnesses say Jesus rose as a spirit creature. Luke 24:39, John 2:19–21, and 1 Peter 3:18 show whether the body that died was raised.
- 1 Corinthians 11:3 and 15:28: Does “God Is the Head of Christ” Mean Jesus Is Not God?
Paul says the head of Christ is God, and that the Son will subject himself to the Father. The same verse uses that word head for a husband and a wife.
- Did Jesus Die on a Cross or a Stake?
Jehovah’s Witnesses say Jesus died on an upright stake. John speaks of nails in his hands, and Justin Martyr describes two beams.
- Early Christians Who Called Jesus God: Evidence Before Nicaea
A Megiddo mosaic, dated 200 to 299, offers a table to God Jesus Christ. John and Ignatius say the same before Nicaea in 325.
- Isaiah 9:6: Does “Mighty God” Mean Less Than “Almighty God”?
Isaiah 9:6 calls the child Mighty God. Isaiah 10:21 uses that same Hebrew title for the God to whom the remnant of Jacob returns.
- Mark 10:18: “Why Do You Call Me Good?” Did Jesus Deny Being God?
Jehovah’s Witnesses read Mark 10:18 as Jesus refusing the title good and pointing to God. Mark 10:21 says he loved the man and called him to follow.
- What Does “Firstborn of All Creation” Mean?
The study note in the New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) says Colossians 1:15 means Jesus is the first creature Jehovah made. In Scripture “firstborn” is also the title of the heir who ranks first, and the next verse says all things were created in him.
- What Is the Spirit of Christ?
Romans 8:9 calls God’s Spirit the Spirit of Christ, and Jesus says he will send that Spirit. Jehovah’s Witnesses call the holy spirit God’s active force.
- Where Two or Three Are Gathered (Matthew 18:20)
Matthew 18:20 belongs to a paragraph about correcting a brother. Jesus also promises to be with his people to the end of the age.
- Who Is the Alpha and the Omega?
Jehovah’s Witnesses reserve “the Alpha and the Omega” for Jehovah. In the New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) the one who became dead says he is the First and the Last, and Revelation 22:13 joins that title to the Alpha and the Omega.
The New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible)
Their Bible, how that translation has changed, and where it prints the divine name.
- How the New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) Changes John 1:1 and Other Verses About Jesus
How the New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) renders John 1:1 as “a god” and other verses about Jesus, beside the King James and the Greek.
- What Bible Do Jehovah’s Witnesses Use?
Jehovah’s Witnesses use the New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible). Before 1950 the Watch Tower used the King James Version as its basic Bible.
- How Has the New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) Changed? 1984 vs 2013
1984 vs 2013: the New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) dropped the brackets on “other” in Colossians 1. What changed, and what its notes say.
- Is Jehovah in the New Testament?
The New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) prints Jehovah 237 times in the New Testament. The Greek copies it cites read Lord.
- Must Christians Use the Name Jehovah?
Jehovah’s Witnesses say leaving God’s name out of the Bible is a serious mistake. Acts 4:12 and Philippians 2 put the saving name on Jesus.
- Does the Trinity Depend on 1 John 5:7?
The sentence about the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost in the King James Version of 1 John 5:7 was added later. The Trinity does not rest on it.
- Which Bible Translation Is Most Accurate?
Which Bible translation is most accurate? The Hebrew and Greek are the text. Word-for-word English stays closer to that wording.
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- Is Jehovah in the New Testament?
The New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) prints Jehovah 237 times in the New Testament. The Greek copies it cites read Lord.
- Must Christians Use the Name Jehovah?
Jehovah’s Witnesses say leaving God’s name out of the Bible is a serious mistake. Acts 4:12 and Philippians 2 put the saving name on Jesus.
- Does the Trinity Depend on 1 John 5:7?
The sentence about the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost in the King James Version of 1 John 5:7 was added later. The Trinity does not rest on it.
- Which Bible Translation Is Most Accurate?
Which Bible translation is most accurate? The Hebrew and Greek are the text. Word-for-word English stays closer to that wording.
Passages Compared
Every article on a rendering, and every passage in the verse-by-verse comparison, including where readers ask what was changed or edited.
The Translation
- How the New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) Changes John 1:1 and Other Verses About Jesus
- What Bible Do Jehovah’s Witnesses Use?
- How Has the New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) Changed? 1984 vs 2013
- Is Jehovah in the New Testament?
- Must Christians Use the Name Jehovah?
- 1 John 5:7 Does the Trinity Depend on 1 John 5:7?
- Which Bible Translation Is Most Accurate?
The Word and “I Am”
Worship, Prayer, and the Name
God and Savior
- Titus 2:13 Is Jesus “Our Great God and Savior” in Titus 2:13? Stays with the one article over God and Savior.
- Romans 9:5 In the Comparison
- Acts 20:28 In the Comparison
- 2 Peter 1:1 In the Comparison
- 2 Peter 1:11 In the Comparison
- 1 Timothy 3:16 In the Comparison
- Isaiah 9:6 Isaiah 9:6: Does “Mighty God” Mean Less Than “Almighty God”? Quotes their study note beside Isaiah 10:21.
Creator and Firstborn
- Colossians 1:15 What Does “Firstborn of All Creation” Mean?
- Colossians 1:16 Is Jesus the Creator or a Creature?
- Colossians 1:17 In the Comparison
- Colossians 1:18 In the Comparison
- Colossians 1:20 In the Comparison
- Colossians 2:9 In the Comparison
- Revelation 3:14 In the Comparison
- Hebrews 1:8 In the Comparison
Equality, Headship, and the Stake
- Philippians 2:6 Philippians 2:6: Did Jesus Refuse Equality With God? Quotes the added word “trying” beside the Greek for form and seizure.
- Philippians 2:9 In the Comparison
- Mark 10:18 Mark 10:18: “Why Do You Call Me Good?” Did Jesus Deny Being God? Quotes the New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) question and Mark 10:21.
- 1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:3 and 15:28: Does “God Is the Head of Christ” Mean Jesus Is Not God? Quotes their rendering of the headship line and the Son handing over the kingdom.
- Luke 23:43 What Does Luke 23:43 Mean? Quotes where they place the comma.
- The Cross Did Jesus Die on a Cross or a Stake? Quotes their upright stake beside the nails and Justin’s two beams.
- Zechariah 12:10 In the Comparison
- John 19:37 In the Comparison
- The Same Verb for the Father and for Jesus In the Comparison
- How Many Times? In the Comparison
- Jehovah in the New Testament In the Comparison
- The Pattern In the Comparison
- Four Questions In the Comparison
- John 15:26 What Is the Spirit of Christ? Quotes Romans 8:9 and their New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) of John 15:26.
Who Jesus Is, the Watch Tower, and the Trinity
- Who Jesus Is
- Is Jesus Michael the Archangel?
- Is the Holy Spirit a Person?
- Was Jesus Raised Bodily?
- Who Is the Alpha and the Omega?
- The Watch Tower
- The Watch Tower and Scripture: Governing Body and New Light
- Who Is the Faithful and Discreet Slave?
- Common Arguments
- The Trinity
- Did Jesus Ever Claim to Be God?
- Is Jesus God?
The Watch Tower
The Governing Body, new light, and how Watch Tower teachings have changed.
- What Is the Governing Body of Jehovah’s Witnesses?
Jehovah’s Witnesses say the Governing Body in Warwick, New York, is the faithful and discreet slave. They say that body is not inspired.
- Who Is the Faithful and Discreet Slave?
Jehovah’s Witnesses say the faithful and discreet slave is the Governing Body, appointed in 1919. Matthew 24 does not name that group.
- How Have Watchtower Teachings Changed?
1925, 1975, the generation of 1914, and organ transplants, in the Watch Tower’s own wording and in Rutherford’s 1920 booklet.
- How Do You Read Watchtower Language?
Hedged sentences in Insight, the 1920 Millions booklet, the 1975 articles, and later Watchtower explanations, and the question each one leaves: which verse says that directly?
- Does the Bible Warn Against a Later Revelation?
Galatians 1:8 says another gospel, even from an angel, is accursed. 1 John 2:22 names the one who denies the Father and the Son.
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- How Do You Read Watchtower Language?
Hedged sentences in Insight, the 1920 Millions booklet, the 1975 articles, and later Watchtower explanations, and the question each one leaves: which verse says that directly?
- Does the Bible Warn Against a Later Revelation?
Galatians 1:8 says another gospel, even from an angel, is accursed. 1 John 2:22 names the one who denies the Father and the Son.
Practice
Blood, birthdays, and Christmas, in the Watch Tower’s own words.
- Do Jehovah’s Witnesses Celebrate Birthdays and Christmas?
No. Jehovah’s Witnesses do not celebrate birthdays or Christmas. They keep the Memorial of Jesus’ death instead of those holidays.
- Do Jehovah’s Witnesses Drink Alcohol?
Jehovah’s Witnesses say it is not a sin to drink alcohol in moderation. Their Bible-questions page calls wine a gift, says Jesus drank wine, and condemns drunkenness. It names times when a Christian should not drink at all.
- Do Jehovah’s Witnesses Shun Family Members? Disfellowshipping and the Bible
Jehovah’s Witnesses stop socializing with someone removed from the congregation. A 2024 article allows a simple greeting. Scripture’s limit differs.
- Who May Take the Lord’s Supper?
Jehovah’s Witnesses teach that only anointed Christians among the 144,000 should eat the Memorial bread and drink the wine. Paul tells the church to eat and drink, and to examine themselves.
- Why Don’t Jehovah’s Witnesses Take Blood?
Jehovah’s Witnesses refuse whole-blood transfusions because they read Genesis 9:4, Leviticus 17, and Acts 15:29 as forbidding blood. On 18 September 2026 their Governing Body said the four main components are now a personal decision.
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- Who May Take the Lord’s Supper?
Jehovah’s Witnesses teach that only anointed Christians among the 144,000 should eat the Memorial bread and drink the wine. Paul tells the church to eat and drink, and to examine themselves.
- Why Don’t Jehovah’s Witnesses Take Blood?
Jehovah’s Witnesses refuse whole-blood transfusions because they read Genesis 9:4, Leviticus 17, and Acts 15:29 as forbidding blood. On 18 September 2026 their Governing Body said the four main components are now a personal decision.
Common Arguments and Objections
Claims that come up in this conversation, with the article that walks through each one.
- Jehovah created Jesus first, and then created everything else through him.
Hebrews 1 applies the psalm about the LORD, the unchanging Creator, to the Son.
- Before his life on earth, Jesus was Michael the archangel.
Hebrews 1 sets the Son apart from every angel.
- Jesus is not worshipped. People only do obeisance to him, and worship belongs to Jehovah alone.
Hebrews 1:6 applies a worship text to the Son, and Revelation 5 gives the Lamb the same praise as the One on the throne.
- The Father is greater than Jesus, so Jesus is not God.
The Son’s human life and his place in the work of the Father do not make him a creature.