Christianity

Yes. Jesus is God the Son, truly God and truly human, one being with the Father. He is not the Father, and he is not a lesser god.

The incarnation is the Son of God taking a human nature and remaining God. The Catechism says he became truly man while remaining truly God. John 1 says the Word was made flesh.

The Holy Spirit is God. Catholic, Orthodox, Lutheran, Reformed, Baptist, Methodist, and Pentecostal texts say so, and they differ on procession and prayer.

The King James Version prints God, Almighty, Lord, LORD, and in two places JEHOVAH. Jesus is given the name Philippians says is above every name. The Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible prints Jehovah where the King James prints LORD.

Does God have a wife? The Bible never names God’s wife or Yahweh’s wife. Male and female bear the image of the one God; Asherah and Heavenly Mother are not biblical teaching.

The Church of God General Conference says Jesus came into existence at his conception. John 8:58, John 17:5, 1 Corinthians 10:4, and Hebrews 1:10 say the Son was already there.

The Athanasian Creed ties salvation to the catholic faith in the Trinity. John 17:3 is knowing the Father and Jesus Christ, not a vocabulary test.

Jesus calls the Father his God in John 20:17, and Paul calls the Father the God of our Lord Jesus Christ. Hebrews 1:8–9 has the Father call the Son God. Both sentences are in the incarnation.

The sentence about the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost in the King James Version of 1 John 5:7 was added later. The Trinity does not rest on it.

The creed of 381 says the Son is begotten of the Father before all worlds, not made. Scripture calls him the only begotten, quotes Psalm 2:7, and says the Father has given the Son life in himself. The phrase “eternal generation” is the church’s, not a verse.

Jesus was praying Psalm 22. The cry is the opening of a psalm in which God hears the sufferer, and it belongs to the Son bearing sin, not to a split inside God or to a crucifixion that never happened.

The New Testament puts words about the LORD on Jesus: Psalm 102 in Hebrews 1, Joel 2:32 in Romans 10 and Acts 2, Psalm 68 in Ephesians 4, Isaiah 45 in Philippians 2, Isaiah 6 in John 12, and Isaiah 8:13 in 1 Peter 3:15.

Psalm 110:1 is the LORD speaking to David’s lord, the Hebrew l’adoni, not the divine name. Verse 5 is Adonai. Jesus asks whose son the Messiah is, and the apostles quote the psalm of him.

The seven “I am” sayings in John, from the bread of life to the true vine, and the sayings where Jesus says “I am” with no predicate, set beside “I AM THAT I AM” and “I am he” in the Old Testament, with the Greek and every King James verse.

Son of God, Son of Man, Lord, the Word, Alpha and Omega, Emmanuel, Lamb of God, Christ, Lion of Judah, and the names in Isaiah 9:6, with the Greek and Hebrew, every King James verse, and the titles the Old Testament gives the LORD.

The Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit, the Spirit of God, the Comforter, the Spirit of truth, the Spirit of Christ, and the other titles of the Spirit, with the Greek and Hebrew and every King James verse.

Elohim, El, Eloah, El Shaddai, El Elyon, El Olam, El Roi, Adonai, YHWH, Yah, the LORD of hosts, and the Jehovah compound names, with the Hebrew, Strong’s numbers, meanings, first occurrences, and King James verses.

Paul’s creed in 1 Corinthians 15 says Christ died, was buried, and was raised. Historians dispute the appearances.

The Bible says what God is: love, light, and a Spirit, and Exodus 34 proclaims the LORD merciful and gracious. The tables list the King James verses.

Messiah means anointed one. The King James Version uses that word in Daniel and “anointed” for the same idea elsewhere. Christians confess that Jesus is this Messiah and that he is God the Son.

Son of Man names a human being, and it names the figure in Daniel 7 who comes with the clouds and receives everlasting dominion.

Matthew 18:20 belongs to a paragraph about correcting a brother. Jesus also promises to be with his people to the end of the age.

Rashi reads the servant of Isaiah 53 as the house of Jacob. Ibn Ezra reads the man of sorrows as Israel in exile. Acts 8 has Philip preach Jesus from this passage. The servant is Jesus, and Jesus is God.

John the Baptist was not one of the Twelve. The Gospels call him the prophet and forerunner who prepared the way of the Lord, baptized Jesus, kept his own disciples, and testified that Jesus existed before him.

Melchizedek was king of Salem and priest of God Most High. Hebrews says Jesus holds that priesthood forever, and it does not pass to another man.

Some Bible passages look as if they cannot both be true. Judas, the census numbers, and Matthew’s naming of Jeremy are real differences in the text. A contradiction is two claims that cannot both be true in the same way.

Bible prophecy is God speaking beforehand. Deuteronomy 18:22 says a word that does not come to pass is not from the LORD. Ezekiel, Daniel, Micah, and the Gospels are the texts this page opens.

The New Testament applies Old Testament lines to Jesus. Edersheim counts 456 passages that ancient rabbis read as messianic. Isaiah 7:14 is not in that rabbinic list.

No. Matthew 5:17 says he came not to destroy the Law but to fulfill it. He presses the commands further and ends the temple shadows in himself.

Galatians 1:8 says another gospel, even from an angel, is accursed. 1 John 2:22 names the one who denies the Father and the Son.

Matthew 1 names Jacob as Joseph’s father. Luke 3 names Heli. Africanus reads one line as birth, one as law. Others read Luke as Mary’s line.

King James ages in Genesis 5 put the flood in year 1656 from Adam. Brenton’s 1851 Septuagint is longer. A Samaritan table shortens three of those ages.

Published counts run from Easton’s 283 to the UBS figure of 343 quotations, with thousands of allusions. This site’s own list is a smaller, sourced set.

No verse dates the earth. Josephus, Africanus, Eusebius, and Ussher added the ages in Genesis to different totals. Ussher reached 4004 BC.

Josephus counts twenty-two books. Athanasius, Jerome, Hippo and Carthage, Trent, Westminster, Article VI, and the Orthodox lists do not agree. Nicaea’s canons contain no book list.

Is the Bible true? Christians receive it as God’s word. Its copies are early and compared, and Jesus treated the Scriptures as written about him.

Genesis 6:15 gives the ark 300 by 50 by 30 cubits. The chapter sorts clean and unclean animals. Searches on Ararat and at Durupınar are a separate question.

Genesis 7 speaks of all the high hills under the whole heaven. Jesus and Peter treat the flood as real judgment. Christians disagree whether the water covered the planet or the land of the story.

The Catechism’s canon has 46 Old Testament books and 27 New Testament books. Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, and the books of Maccabees are in that Old Testament.

Second Timothy 2:15 tells a workman to rightly divide the word of truth. The Greek verb means to cut straight or handle correctly. Dallas Theological Seminary reads the dispensations of law, grace, and kingdom as distinct.

Apologetics is a spoken defense. The New Testament calls it apologia, and 1 Peter 3:15 says to be ready with a reason for the hope.

James Strong’s concordance indexes every word of the common English Bible and assigns a number to each Hebrew or Greek word. This site’s Greek and Hebrew pages use those numbers. The numbers are not a code.

The Millo is a filled rampart in the city of David. David built from Millo inward, Solomon built it and repaired his father’s breaches, and Hezekiah repaired it. The house of Millo at Shechem is a different place.

On the King James ages, Noah’s flood is year 1656 from Adam. Ussher’s traditional date is 2348 BC. That is not the Younger Dryas about 12,900 to 11,700 years ago.

Acts 18 says Apollos was a Jew of Alexandria, eloquent and mighty in the scriptures, who knew only John’s baptism until Priscilla and Aquila taught him. Paul says he planted and Apollos watered.

Mary Magdalene was a disciple Jesus healed of seven devils. She stood at the cross and was the first person he appeared to after he rose. The Gospels do not call her his wife.

Song of Solomon 6:13 addresses the Shulamite. The Song gives her no personal name. She is not the Shunammite who hosted Elisha in 2 Kings 4, and she is not Abishag.

Jesus and the books themselves name Moses as the writer of the law, Genesis through Deuteronomy. The documentary hypothesis reads those books as later sources woven together.

Papias and Irenaeus name Mark as Peter’s interpreter, Matthew as the writer of a Gospel in Hebrew, and Luke as Paul’s companion. The books themselves do not open with those names.

Luke wrote Acts for Theophilus, the same man addressed in his Gospel. The Muratorian fragment and Irenaeus say so. The book never says Paul wrote it.

Hebrews names no author. Clement of Alexandria said Paul, with Luke as translator. Origen said the thoughts are the apostle’s and that God knows the writer. Tertullian names Barnabas.

The book names John, a brother on Patmos. Justin and Irenaeus say he was the apostle, and that the vision came near the end of Domitian’s reign. Dionysius hesitated to identify that John with the son of Zebedee.

The Gospel says the beloved disciple wrote it. Irenaeus names John, the disciple who leaned on Jesus’ breast, publishing at Ephesus. Dionysius’s doubt about a second John is quoted from Eusebius.

On 29 September 2023 the Münster Liste had 5,700 Greek New Testament entries, and the editors called that number a snapshot. Codex Sinaiticus is a fourth-century copy of the whole New Testament.

The Qumran caves held Hebrew copies of every biblical book except Esther, a thousand years older than the medieval text. The Great Isaiah Scroll has all 66 chapters and more than 2,600 variants.

The Pilate stone, the Tel Dan stele, Hezekiah’s tribute on the Taylor Prism, the Siloam tunnel inscription, and the Cyrus Cylinder name people and events the Bible also names. Each find has a limit.

Was the darkness at the crucifixion an eclipse that Han dynasty China recorded? What the Han records actually say about AD 30–33.

The name Christian is first used at Antioch in Acts 11:26, after Pentecost. Israel’s scriptures already promised a Messiah. They do not call that hope Christianity.

A Megiddo mosaic, dated 200 to 299, offers a table to God Jesus Christ. John and Ignatius say the same before Nicaea in 325.

Flood myths, including Gilgamesh and Atrahasis, remember a great flood. Genesis 6–9 shares the motifs and names one God who saves.

The Durupınar formation near Mount Ararat is a boat-shaped landform. Peer-reviewed geology and young-earth researchers who drilled it treat it as natural rock, not the ark.

Mainstream geology does not identify a single global flood layer in human history. Young-earth flood geology reads the rock record differently. Mesopotamian flood deposits are real and local.

Ryan and Pitman proposed a catastrophic Early Holocene flood of the Black Sea shelf. Later studies argue any rise was smaller or gradual. It is a local-flood hypothesis, not a global one.

The Younger Dryas was a cold interval about 12,900 to 11,700 years ago. Global sea level rose about 120 m since the last ice age. That is not Ussher’s flood date.

Jesus was a Jew of the Second Temple period. He was circumcised, kept Passover, and taught in the synagogue. The name Christian is first used at Antioch, after Pentecost.

Acts places the Spirit on the disciples at Pentecost in Jerusalem, and the name Christian at Antioch. Jesus is the one that church confesses. The Council of Nicaea in 325 does not found it.

Irenaeus places Matthew in the lifetime of Peter and Paul at Rome, Mark after their departure, Luke with Paul, and John later at Ephesus. He gives no year. A copy of John was already in the second century.

TULIP stands for total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, and perseverance of the saints. Dort did not use the name.

Romans, Ephesians, and Acts say God predestined and ordained. Other verses say God wills all to be saved. Westminster, Dort, the Remonstrance, the Catechism, Article XVII, and an Orthodox essay read those lines differently.

The King James Version says believers will be caught up. The Assemblies of God and the Church of God teach a rapture and then a visible thousand-year reign. Westminster, the Catechism, and the Baptist Faith and Message describe one return and the judgment.

The Catechism teaches a particular judgment at death, heaven, purgatory, and hell, and it rejects conjuring up the dead. It does not describe the souls of the dead as haunting the living.

Jesus says he is the way, the truth, and the life, and that no one comes to the Father except by him. Acts 4:12 names no other name. The Catechism and the Westminster Confession speak, in different words, about people who have not heard.

No. Ezekiel 18:20 and Qur’an 6:164 say guilt is personal. The Son lays down his life himself. That is not a bystander seized by a court.

Daniel 2:43 says the iron and the clay mingle with the seed of men and do not cleave. The chapter calls that a divided kingdom. Rashi reads it as intermarriage, and he does not say Nephilim.

Grace in the New Testament is the Greek word charis, God’s favor given freely in Jesus Christ. Ephesians 2:8–9 says salvation is that gift, not a wage.

Infant baptism and believer’s baptism in Catholic, Orthodox, Lutheran, Reformed, Anglican, Methodist, Baptist, and Pentecostal texts, with household baptisms and christening.

The unforgivable sin in Matthew 12, Mark 3, and Luke 12, and how the Catechism, the LCMS FAQ, the Methodist Articles, and the Westminster Larger Catechism speak about it.

Reformed churches confess the Heidelberg Catechism, the Belgic Confession, the Canons of Dort, and the Westminster Confession. Calvinism, in the TULIP sense, is the five points. That contrast is on another page.

Revelation 13 says the mark is on the right hand or the forehead, tied to the beast’s name and the number 666. The Catechism, an Orthodox clergy answer, Westminster, and Dallas Theological Seminary do not describe a chip.

First John says many antichrists have come and that the antichrist shall come. The Catechism, Cyril, Westminster, and Dallas Theological Seminary do not name the same figure.

Who baptized Jesus, who was at the Jordan, and why the sinless Jesus was baptized, from Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, with the Catechism and an Orthodox essay.

The Catechism says Jesus made Peter the rock and that the pope succeeds him. An Orthodox clergy answer says first among equals is not supremacy of jurisdiction. Westminster says Christ is the only head.

The Baptist Faith and Message beside the Catechism of the Catholic Church on authority, baptism, justification, Mary and the saints, the pope, and the Lord’s Supper.

Humanae Vitae excludes abortion, direct sterilization, and every act intended to prevent procreation. It allows the infertile part of the cycle for serious reasons, and therapeutic treatment that is not aimed at preventing conception. The Catechism repeats that teaching.

Canon 1176 recommends burial and does not prohibit cremation unless it was chosen against Christian doctrine. Ad resurgendum cum Christo prefers burial, allows cremation, and forbids scattering ashes or keeping them in jewelry.

Humani Generis does not forbid research into the human body as coming from living matter, and it says souls are immediately created by God. It refuses polygenism. The Catechism says studies of the cosmos and of life-forms invite admiration of the Creator.

The Catechism calls charisms graces of the Holy Spirit, to be received with gratitude and tested by the Church’s shepherds. It does not require every Catholic to speak in tongues.

The Catechism calls the Old Testament an indispensable part of Scripture and says the Old Covenant has never been revoked. Catholics also receive the deuterocanonical books, and they do not keep every law of Moses as the Church’s present rule.

Yes. The Catechism calls Easter the Feast of feasts and the Solemnity of solemnities. Canon 920 requires holy communion at least once a year, during the Easter season unless there is a just cause.

Both confess the Trinity. The Orthodox Church in America catechism describes a godparent speaking for a child and triple immersion. The Baptist Faith and Message requires a believer’s immersion and says true believers will not fall away.

Both confess the Nicene faith. They differ, in their own texts, on the filioque, the pope, Mary, purgatory, the cup for the laity, and clerical celibacy.

Eastern Orthodox vs Oriental Orthodox: both confess that Jesus is God. They split on Chalcedon: two natures, or one nature of the incarnate Logos.

Both confess the Nicene faith. Their texts differ on Scripture and Tradition, justification, Mary and the saints, icons, and the filioque.

The Episcopal Church says it is the only U.S.-based member of the Anglican Communion, established in 1785, and it confesses the Trinity.

The Council of Trent says it is good and useful to invoke the saints, and that the honour of images is referred to the prototypes. The Catechism calls image honour veneration, not the adoration due to God alone. Augsburg and Article XXII refuse calling on the saints.

Catholic teaching names a purification after death for the saved. Westminster and Article XXII say Scripture has no such place.

Westminster says nothing may be added to Scripture by traditions of men. The Catechism says the Church does not draw all revealed truth from Scripture alone. Anglican and Baptist texts and an Orthodox Church in America chapter state their own accounts.

United Methodist Articles and Confession beside the Baptist Faith and Message on baptism, the Supper, the church, salvation, and the General Rules on drink.

Acts 2 and 1 Corinthians 12–14, with Pentecostal, Catholic, Baptist, Reformed, and Methodist texts on tongues, Spirit baptism, and whether every believer speaks in tongues.

A Holy See bulletin calls Saint Michael patron and protector of the Italian State Police and the Vatican Gendarmerie. The Catechism names him in the liturgy with Gabriel and Raphael. Jehovah’s Witnesses identify Michael with Jesus on another page.

The Catechism quotes Trent: the whole substance of the bread and wine is changed into the body and blood of Christ, and that change is called transubstantiation. Article XXVIII says that change cannot be proved by holy Writ. An Orthodox essay does not use the word and denies that the gifts are mere symbols.

The Catechism says Jesus inaugurated the Church and made Peter its rock. Westminster says Christ is the only head and the pope cannot be head. The fetched texts do not say Constantine founded it.

Oral Roberts, quoted by an Oral Roberts University journal from his book Is God Your Source?, says you sow it, God will grow it, and you will reap it. The Cape Town Commitment names the sowing of seeds in its definition of the prosperity gospel.

Paul King says E. W. Kenyon is generally recognized as the originator and that historians disagree on whether New Thought formed him. Oral Roberts’s seed-faith book is dated 1970 by an ORU journal. Kenneth Copeland Ministries still publish the spoken confession.

The Cape Town Commitment, the Assemblies of God, the Southern Baptist Convention, and a Jesuit journal each publish a judgment on prosperity teaching. Cape Town also affirms a biblical vision of human prospering.

Teachers cite 3 John 2, Malachi 3:10, Deuteronomy 8:18, Mark 11:23–24, and John 10:10. Other churches cite 1 Timothy 6, Matthew 6, and Hebrews 11. This page reads each sentence in its chapter.

John 1:1 says the Word was God. The New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) reads “a god.” The Greek and the King James do not.

Yes. Latter-day Saints believe in Jesus Christ, the Son of God. They teach three separate beings, one in purpose, which is not the Nicene Trinity.

Islam and Christianity both speak of one God and honor Jesus. They divide on who Jesus is, whether he was crucified, and whether God is Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

Jews and Christians share the Shema. Maimonides waits for a Davidic king. Christians confess that the crucified Jesus is God the Son.

Jehovah’s Witnesses say they follow Jesus and that he is not Almighty God. The Nicene confession is that Jesus is God.

Yes. The Qur’an names Jesus the Messiah, son of Mary, a word from God. It says he was not crucified. The Gospels tell that death and a risen Jesus.

The Sabbath in Exodus is the seventh day, Saturday. The apostles also met on the first day of the week, and Colossians 2 calls sabbath days a shadow. Christians are not bound to keep Saturday.

Should we worship Jesus? The New World Translation (Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Bible) says “obeisance.” The Greek verb is the same.

Muslims and Christians both say God is one. The argument is whether Father, Son, and Spirit are partners beside God or the one God.

Latter-day Saints believe the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost are three beings, and they receive the Book of Mormon beside the Bible.

Jehovah’s Witnesses, Latter-day Saints, Oneness Pentecostals, Iglesia Ni Cristo, Christadelphians, Christian Science, and Unitarian Universalists do not confess the Nicene Trinity. Catholic, Orthodox, and Baptist confessions do. Jesus is God.

Maimonides says the Messiah is a Davidic king who keeps the Torah, rebuilds the Temple, and gathers Israel, and that a king who was killed is not that redeemer. Christians say Jesus is that son of David, cut off and raised, and that he is God the Son.

An Orthodox clergy answer says the longer canon, not the Apocrypha, includes Tobit, Judith, more of Esther and Daniel, Maccabees, Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, and the Prayer of Manasseh, from the Septuagint. The Catholic list is similar and does not count the Prayer of Manasseh.

Catholics confess the Nicene Creed, and the Catechism’s teaching on Scripture and Tradition, seven sacraments, the pope, Mary, and life after death.

What do Pentecostals believe? The Assemblies of God and Church of God confess the Trinity, tongues as the sign of Spirit baptism, healing, and the rapture.

Eastern Orthodox churches confess the Nicene faith. A Greek Orthodox Archdiocese teaching and the Orthodox Church in America catechism state Tradition, the mysteries, Mary, icons, and what they reject.

Grand lodges say Freemasonry is not a religion and requires belief in a Supreme Being. Church statements disagree about whether a Christian should join.

Churches on the Revised Julian calendar keep Christmas on December 25. Churches that still use the Julian calendar keep it on January 7. A Greek Orthodox Archdiocese essay names which is which. Easter is calculated apart from that split.

Paul says the head of Christ is God, and that the Son will subject himself to the Father. The same verse uses that word head for a husband and a wife.

Seeing 111 or 333 is not itself what Scripture forbids. The danger is treating the number as fortune-telling or as a sign in place of God.

Gospel Topics calls Satan a spirit son of God who rebelled. A 1986 Ensign answer calls Jesus and Lucifer spirit brothers.