Catholic

Once saved, always saved means a saved person cannot lose salvation. Churches disagree, and this page quotes each side’s confession without deciding.

Infant baptism and believer’s baptism in Catholic, Orthodox, Lutheran, Reformed, Anglican, Methodist, Baptist, and Pentecostal texts, with household baptisms and christening.

Romans, Ephesians, and Acts say God predestined and ordained. Other verses say God wills all to be saved. Westminster, Dort, the Remonstrance, the Catechism, Article XVII, and an Orthodox essay read those lines differently.

The unforgivable sin in Matthew 12, Mark 3, and Luke 12, and how the Catechism, the LCMS FAQ, the Methodist Articles, and the Westminster Larger Catechism speak about it.

Revelation 13 says the mark is on the right hand or the forehead, tied to the beast’s name and the number 666. The Catechism, an Orthodox clergy answer, Westminster, and Dallas Theological Seminary do not describe a chip.

First John says many antichrists have come and that the antichrist shall come. The Catechism, Cyril, Westminster, and Dallas Theological Seminary do not name the same figure.

Humanae Vitae excludes abortion, direct sterilization, and every act intended to prevent procreation. It allows the infertile part of the cycle for serious reasons, and therapeutic treatment that is not aimed at preventing conception. The Catechism repeats that teaching.

Canon 1176 recommends burial and does not prohibit cremation unless it was chosen against Christian doctrine. Ad resurgendum cum Christo prefers burial, allows cremation, and forbids scattering ashes or keeping them in jewelry.

Humani Generis does not forbid research into the human body as coming from living matter, and it says souls are immediately created by God. It refuses polygenism. The Catechism says studies of the cosmos and of life-forms invite admiration of the Creator.

The Catechism calls charisms graces of the Holy Spirit, to be received with gratitude and tested by the Church’s shepherds. It does not require every Catholic to speak in tongues.

The Catechism calls the Old Testament an indispensable part of Scripture and says the Old Covenant has never been revoked. Catholics also receive the deuterocanonical books, and they do not keep every law of Moses as the Church’s present rule.

Ineffabilis Deus in 1854 defines Mary as preserved from original sin at her conception. The Catechism adds that she remained free of every personal sin. An Orthodox clergy answer calls that definition foreign. Augsburg and Article IX speak of original sin in everyone naturally born.

Yes. The Catechism calls Easter the Feast of feasts and the Solemnity of solemnities. Canon 920 requires holy communion at least once a year, during the Easter season unless there is a just cause.

The Orthodox Church in America says the Roman Catholic rosary is not part of Orthodox tradition. Orthodox Christians pray the Jesus Prayer on a rope. The Catholic catechism names the rosary.

Both confess the Nicene faith. They differ, in their own texts, on the filioque, the pope, Mary, purgatory, the cup for the laity, and clerical celibacy.

Trent receives the longer Old Testament and anathematizes refusal. Westminster says the books called Apocrypha are no part of the canon. The Catechism says the Church discerned the list by Tradition.

The Council of Trent says it is good and useful to invoke the saints, and that the honour of images is referred to the prototypes. The Catechism calls image honour veneration, not the adoration due to God alone. Augsburg and Article XXII refuse calling on the saints.

Catholic teaching names a purification after death for the saved. Westminster and Article XXII say Scripture has no such place.

The Catechism’s canon has 46 Old Testament books and 27 New Testament books. Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, and the books of Maccabees are in that Old Testament.

An Orthodox clergy answer says the longer canon, not the Apocrypha, includes Tobit, Judith, more of Esther and Daniel, Maccabees, Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, and the Prayer of Manasseh, from the Septuagint. The Catholic list is similar and does not count the Prayer of Manasseh.

Catholics confess the Nicene Creed, and the Catechism’s teaching on Scripture and Tradition, seven sacraments, the pope, Mary, and life after death.

The Catechism teaches the Mother of God, perpetual virginity, the Immaculate Conception, and the Assumption, and says devotion to Mary is not adoration. Augsburg and Article XXII refuse calling on the saints. An Orthodox clergy answer seeks her intercession and calls the Immaculate Conception foreign.

Protestant churches confess that Jesus is God the Son and treat Scripture as the rule of faith. They are not one denomination.

Acts 2 and 1 Corinthians 12–14, with Pentecostal, Catholic, Baptist, Reformed, and Methodist texts on tongues, Spirit baptism, and whether every believer speaks in tongues.

Eastern Orthodox churches confess the Nicene faith. A Greek Orthodox Archdiocese teaching and the Orthodox Church in America catechism state Tradition, the mysteries, Mary, icons, and what they reject.

A Holy See bulletin calls Saint Michael patron and protector of the Italian State Police and the Vatican Gendarmerie. The Catechism names him in the liturgy with Gabriel and Raphael. Jehovah’s Witnesses identify Michael with Jesus on another page.

The Catechism quotes Trent: the whole substance of the bread and wine is changed into the body and blood of Christ, and that change is called transubstantiation. Article XXVIII says that change cannot be proved by holy Writ. An Orthodox essay does not use the word and denies that the gifts are mere symbols.

Churches on the Revised Julian calendar keep Christmas on December 25. Churches that still use the Julian calendar keep it on January 7. A Greek Orthodox Archdiocese essay names which is which. Easter is calculated apart from that split.

The Catechism says Jesus inaugurated the Church and made Peter its rock. Westminster says Christ is the only head and the pope cannot be head. The fetched texts do not say Constantine founded it.

The Catechism says Jesus made Peter the rock and that the pope succeeds him. An Orthodox clergy answer says first among equals is not supremacy of jurisdiction. Westminster says Christ is the only head.

Jews receive the Tanakh: Torah, Prophets, and Writings, twenty-four books in Chabad’s count. That list is not the Old Testament.

The Athanasian Creed ties salvation to the catholic faith in the Trinity. John 17:3 is knowing the Father and Jesus Christ, not a vocabulary test.

Josephus counts twenty-two books. Athanasius, Jerome, Hippo and Carthage, Trent, Westminster, Article VI, and the Orthodox lists do not agree. Nicaea’s canons contain no book list.

Westminster says nothing may be added to Scripture by traditions of men. The Catechism says the Church does not draw all revealed truth from Scripture alone. Anglican and Baptist texts and an Orthodox Church in America chapter state their own accounts.

No. The Qur’an accuses some people of distorting words and of writing scripture by hand. Early reports still describe a Torah brought in and read.

The Articles of Religion confess one God in three Persons, the Son as very God, two sacraments of the Gospel, and justification by faith in Christ.

Churches of Christ have no creed book except the Bible, in Baxter’s essay. He confesses Christ’s divinity and manhood, and believer baptism.

What do Pentecostals believe? The Assemblies of God and Church of God confess the Trinity, tongues as the sign of Spirit baptism, healing, and the rapture.

The Bible says people are saved by grace through faith, not of works. Churches that confess the Trinity disagree about baptism and about whether a believer can fall away.