King James Version

Isaiah 48:4

Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;

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Hebrew

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מִדַּעְתִּ֕יmidatifrom cunningדַּעַתpreposition, verb, qal, infinitive construct, suffix, pronominal, 1st person, common, singular — “from cunning”, the to-form of the verbH1847knowledgecunning, (ig-) norantly, know(-ledge), (un-) awares (wittingly).כִּ֥יkiassuredכִּיconjunction — “assured”H3588(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexedand, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + til…קָשֶׁ֖הqashehchurlishקָשֶׁהadjective, adjective, masculine, singular, absolute — “churlish”, the ordinary formH7186severe (in various applications)churlish, cruel, grievous, hard((-hearted), thing), heavy, [phrase] impudent, obstinate, prevailed, rough(-ly), sore, sorrowful, stiff(necked), stubborn, [phrase] in trouble.אָ֑תָּהatahtheeאַתָּהpronoun, personal, 2nd person, masculine, singular — “thee”H859thou and thee, or (plural) ye and youthee, thou, ye, you.וְגִ֤ידvegidand sinewגִּידconjunction, noun, common, masculine, singular, construct — “and sinew”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH1517a thong (as compressing); by analogy, a tendonsinew.בַּרְזֶל֙barzelironבַּרְזֶלnoun, common, masculine, singular, absolute — “iron”, the ordinary formH1270iron (as cutting); by extension, an iron implement(ax) head, iron.עָרְפֶּ֔ךָarepekhaback neckעֹרֶףnoun, common, masculine, singular, construct, suffix, pronominal, 2nd person, masculine, singular — “back neck”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH6203the nape or back of the neck (as declining); hence, the back generally (whether literal or figurative)back ((stiff-) neck((-ed).וּמִצְחֲךָ֖umitschakhaand foreheadמֵצַחconjunction, noun, common, masculine, singular, construct, suffix, pronominal, 2nd person, masculine, singular — “and forehead”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH4696the forehead (as open and prominent)brow, forehead, [phrase] impudent.נְחוּשָֽׁהnechushahbrassנְחוּשָׁהnoun, common, feminine, singular, absolute — “brass”, the ordinary formH5154copperbrass, steel. Compare H5176 (נָחָשׁ).

Jewish translation (JPS 1917)

Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;

Compare Public-Domain Translations

The King James Version remains the text of this page and the canonical URL.

American Standard Version (1901)

Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;

Young’s Literal Translation

From my knowing that thou art obstinate, And a sinew of iron thy neck, And thy forehead brass,

World English Bible

Because I knew that you are obstinate, and your neck is an iron sinew, and your brow bronze;

Darby Translation

Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass,

Douay-Rheims

For I knew that thou art stubborn, and thy neck is as an iron sinew, and thy forehead as brass.

Jewish Publication Society (1917)

Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;

Brenton’s Septuagint (1851), English

I know that thou art stubborn, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy forehead brazen.

Septuagint (Brenton’s Greek, 1851)

Γινώσκω ὅτι σκληρὸς εἶ, καὶ νεῦρον σιδηροῦν ὁ τράχηλός σου, καὶ τὸ μέτωπόν σου χαλκοῦν.

American Standard Version (1901)

Young’s Literal Translation

World English Bible

Darby Translation

Douay-Rheims

Jewish Publication Society (1917)

Brenton’s Septuagint (1851), English

Septuagint (Brenton’s Greek, 1851)

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