King James Version

Ezekiel 31:12

And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the rivers of the land; and all the people of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.

Study

Hebrew

Tap a word to see its meaning. Words run left to right in English reading order.

וַיִּכְרְתֻ֧הוּvayikhretuhvand covenantכָּרַתconjunction, verb, qal, sequential imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, plural, suffix, pronominal, 3rd person, masculine, singular — “and covenant”, the next action in the storyH3772to cut (off, down or asunder); by implication, to destroy or consume; specifically, to covenant (i.e. make an alliance or bargain, originally by cutting flesh and passing between the pieces)be chewed, be con-(feder-) ate, covenant, cut (down, off), destroy, fail, feller, be freed, hew (down), make a league (covenant), [idiom] lose, perish, [idiom] utterly, [idiom] want.זָרִ֛יםzarimstrangeזוּרadjective, adjective, masculine, plural, absolute — “strange”, the ordinary formH2114to turn aside (especially for lodging); hence to be aforeigner, strange, profane; specifically (active participle) to commit adultery(come from) another (man, place), fanner, go away, (e-) strange(-r, thing, woman).עָרִיצֵ֥יaritsemightyעָרִיץadjective, adjective, masculine, plural, construct — “mighty”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH6184fearful, i.e. powerful or tyrannicalmighty, oppressor, in great power, strong, terrible, violent.גוֹיִ֖םgoyimGentileגּוֹיnoun, common, masculine, plural, absolute — “Gentile”, the ordinary formH1471a foreign nation; hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a flight of locustsGentile, heathen, nation, people.וַֽיִּטְּשֻׁ֑הוּvayitshuhvand let fallנָטַשׁconjunction, verb, qal, sequential imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, plural, suffix, pronominal, 3rd person, masculine, singular — “and let fall”, the next action in the storyH5203properly, to pound, i.e. smite; by implication (as if beating out, and thus expanding) to disperse; also, to thrust off, down, out or upon (inclusively, reject, let alone, permit, remit, etc.)cast off, drawn, let fall, forsake, join (battle), leave (off), lie still, loose, spread (self) abroad, stretch out, suffer.אֶלelamongאֵלpreposition — “among”H413near, with or among; often in general, toabout, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).הֶ֠הָרִיםheharimthe hillהַרdefinite article, noun, common, masculine, plural, absolute — “the hill”, the ordinary formH2022a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)hill (country), mount(-ain), [idiom] promotion.וּבְכָלuvekhaland in allכֹּלconjunction, preposition, noun, common, masculine, singular, construct — “and in all”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH3605properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).גֵּ֨אָי֜וֹתgeayotvalleyגַּיְאnoun, common, both genders, plural, absolute — “valley”, the ordinary formH1516a gorge (from its lofty sides; hence, narrow, but not a gully or winter-torrent)valley.נָפְל֣וּnafelvfallנָפַלverb, qal, perfect, 3rd person, common, plural — “fall”, a completed actionH5307to fall, in a great variety of applications (intransitive or causative, literal or figurative)be accepted, cast (down, self, (lots), out), cease, die, divide (by lot), (let) fail, (cause to, let, make, ready to) fall (away, down, -en, -ing), fell(-ing), fugitive, have (inheritance), inferior, be judged (by mistake for H6419 (פָּלַל…דָלִיּוֹתָ֗יוdaliotayvbranchדָּלִיָּהnoun, common, feminine, plural, construct, suffix, pronominal, 3rd person, masculine, singular — “branch”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH1808something dangling, i.e. a boughbranch.וַתִּשָּׁבַ֤רְנָהvatishavarnahand breakשָׁבַרconjunction, verb, niphal, sequential imperfect, 3rd person, feminine, plural — “and break”, the next action in the storyH7665to burst (literally or figuratively)break (down, off, in pieces, up), broken (-hearted), bring to the birth, crush, destroy, hurt, quench, [idiom] quite, tear, view (by mistake for H7663 (שָׂבַר)).פֹֽארֹתָיו֙forotayvboughפְּאֹרָהnoun, common, feminine, plural, construct, suffix, pronominal, 3rd person, masculine, singular — “bough”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH6288properly, ornamentation, i.e. (plural) foliage (including the limbs) as bright greenbough, branch, sprig.בְּכֹל֙bekholin allכֹּלpreposition, noun, common, masculine, singular, construct — “in all”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH3605properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).אֲפִיקֵ֣יafiqestrong pieceאָפִיקnoun, common, masculine, plural, construct — “strong piece”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH650properly, containing, i.e. a tube; also a bed or valley of astream; also a strong thing or a herobrook, channel, mighty, river, [phrase] scale, stream, strong piece.הָאָ֔רֶץhaaretsthe earthאֶרֶץdefinite article, noun, common, both genders, singular, absolute — “the earth”, the ordinary formH776the earth (at large, or partitively a land)[idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world.וַיֵּרְד֧וּvayeredvand bring downיָרַדconjunction, verb, qal, sequential imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, plural — “and bring down”, the next action in the storyH3381to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications)[idiom] abundantly, bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down, fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, [idiom] indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to, let) run down, sink, subdue, take…מִצִּלּ֛וֹmitsilvofrom shadeצֵלpreposition, noun, common, masculine, singular, construct, suffix, pronominal, 3rd person, masculine, singular — “from shade”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH6738shade, whether literal or figurativedefence, shade(-ow).כָּלkalallכֹּלnoun, common, masculine, singular, construct — “all”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH3605properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).עַמֵּ֥יamepeopleעַםnoun, common, masculine, plural, construct — “people”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH5971a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flockfolk, men, nation, people.הָאָ֖רֶץhaaretsthe earthאֶרֶץdefinite article, noun, common, both genders, singular, absolute — “the earth”, the ordinary formH776the earth (at large, or partitively a land)[idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world.וַֽיִּטְּשֻֽׁהוּvayitshuhvand let fallנָטַשׁconjunction, verb, qal, sequential imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, plural, suffix, pronominal, 3rd person, masculine, singular — “and let fall”, the next action in the storyH5203properly, to pound, i.e. smite; by implication (as if beating out, and thus expanding) to disperse; also, to thrust off, down, out or upon (inclusively, reject, let alone, permit, remit, etc.)cast off, drawn, let fall, forsake, join (battle), leave (off), lie still, loose, spread (self) abroad, stretch out, suffer.

Jewish translation (JPS 1917)

And strangers, the terrible of the nations, do cut him off, and cast him down; upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs lie broken in all the channels of the land; and all the peoples of the earth do go down from his shadow, and do leave him.

Compare Public-Domain Translations

The King James Version remains the text of this page and the canonical URL.

American Standard Version (1901)

And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off, and have left him: upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken by all the watercourses of the land; and all the peoples of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.

Young’s Literal Translation

And cut him off do strangers, The terrible of nations, and they leave him, On the mountains and in all valleys have his thin shoots fallen, And broken are his boughs at all streams of the land, And go down from his shade do all peoples of the land, and they leave him.

World English Bible

Foreigners, the tyrants of the nations, have cut him off and have left him. His branches have fallen on the mountains and in all the valleys, and his boughs are broken by all the watercourses of the land. All the peoples of the earth have gone down from his shadow and have left him.

Darby Translation

And strangers, the terrible of the nations, have cut him off and have left him; upon the mountains and in all the valleys his branches are fallen, and his boughs are broken in all the watercourses of the land; and all the peoples of the earth are gone down from his shadow, and have left him.

Douay-Rheims

And strangers, and the most cruel of the nations shall cut him down, and cast him away upon the mountains, and his boughs shall fall in every valley, and his branches shall be broken on every rock of the country: and all the people of the earth shall depart from his shadow, and leave him.

Jewish Publication Society (1917)

Brenton’s Septuagint (1851), English

And ravaging strangers from the nations have destroyed him, and have cast him down upon the mountains: his branches fell in all the valleys, and his boughs were broken in every field of the land; and all the people of the nations are gone down from their shelter, and have laid him low.

Septuagint (Brenton’s Greek, 1851)

Καὶ ἐξωλόθρευσαν αὐτὸν ἀλλότριοι λοιμοὶ ἀπὸ ἐθνῶν, καὶ κατέβαλον αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῶν ὀρέων· ἐν πάσαις ταῖς φάραγξιν ἔπεσαν οἱ κλάδοι αὐτοῦ, καὶ συνετρίβη τὰ στελέχη αὐτοῦ ἐν παντὶ πεδίῳ τῆς γῆς, καὶ κατέβησαν ἀπὸ τῆς σκέπης αὐτῶν πάντες οἱ λαοὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν, καὶ ἠδάφισαν αὐτόν.