King James Version

Exodus 1:14

And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.

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Hebrew

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וַיְמָרְר֨וּvaymarervand bitterמָרַרconjunction, verb, piel, sequential imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, plural — “and bitter”, the next action in the storyH4843to be (causatively, make) bitter (literally or figuratively)(be, be in, deal, have, make) bitter(-ly, -ness), be moved with choler, (be, have sorely, it) grieved(-eth), provoke, vex.אֶתetobject markerאֵתparticle, direct object marker — “object marker”H853properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)(as such unrepresented in English).חַיֵּיהֶ֜םchayeyhemlifeחַיnoun, common, masculine, plural, construct, suffix, pronominal, 3rd person, masculine, plural — “life”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH2416alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water, year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether literally or figuratively[phrase] age, alive, appetite, (wild) beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living (creature, thing), maintenance, [phrase] merry, multitude, [phrase] (be) old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.בַּעֲבֹדָ֣הbaavodahin workעֲבֹדָהpreposition, noun, common, feminine, singular, absolute — “in work”, the ordinary formH5656work of any kindact, bondage, [phrase] bondservant, effect, labour, ministering(-try), office, service(-ile, -itude), tillage, use, work, [idiom] wrought.קָשָׁ֗הqashahchurlishקָשֶׁהadjective, adjective, feminine, singular, absolute — “churlish”, the ordinary formH7186severe (in various applications)churlish, cruel, grievous, hard((-hearted), thing), heavy, [phrase] impudent, obstinate, prevailed, rough(-ly), sore, sorrowful, stiff(necked), stubborn, [phrase] in trouble.בְּחֹ֨מֶר֙bechomerin clayחֹמֶרpreposition, noun, common, masculine, singular, absolute — “in clay”, the ordinary formH2563properly, a bubbling up, i.e. of water, a wave; of earth, mire or clay (cement); also a heap; hence, a chomer or dry measureclay, heap, homer, mire, motion.וּבִלְבֵנִ֔יםuvilvenimand in brickלְבֵנָהconjunction, preposition, noun, common, feminine, plural, absolute — “and in brick”, the ordinary formH3843a brick (from the whiteness of the clay)(altar of) brick, tile.וּבְכָלuvekhaland in allכֹּלconjunction, preposition, noun, common, masculine, singular, construct — “and in all”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH3605properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).עֲבֹדָ֖הavodahworkעֲבֹדָהnoun, common, feminine, singular, absolute — “work”, the ordinary formH5656work of any kindact, bondage, [phrase] bondservant, effect, labour, ministering(-try), office, service(-ile, -itude), tillage, use, work, [idiom] wrought.בַּשָּׂדֶ֑הbasadehin fieldשָׂדֶהpreposition, with the article, noun, common, masculine, singular, absolute — “in field”, the ordinary formH7704a field (as flat)country, field, ground, land, soil, [idiom] wild.אֵ֚תetobject markerאֵתparticle, direct object marker — “object marker”H853properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)(as such unrepresented in English).כָּלkalallכֹּלnoun, common, masculine, singular, construct — “all”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH3605properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔םavodatamworkעֲבֹדָהnoun, common, feminine, singular, construct, suffix, pronominal, 3rd person, masculine, plural — “work”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH5656work of any kindact, bondage, [phrase] bondservant, effect, labour, ministering(-try), office, service(-ile, -itude), tillage, use, work, [idiom] wrought.אֲשֶׁרasherbecauseאֲשֶׁרparticle, relative — “because”H834who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.[idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever,…עָבְד֥וּavedvkeep in bondageעָבַדverb, qal, perfect, 3rd person, common, plural — “keep in bondage”, a completed actionH5647to work (in any sense); by implication, to serve, till, (causatively) enslave, etc.[idiom] be, keep in bondage, be bondmen, bond-service, compel, do, dress, ear, execute, [phrase] husbandman, keep, labour(-ing man, bring to pass, (cause to, make to) serve(-ing, self), (be, become) servant(-s), do (use) service, till(-er)…בָהֶ֖םvaheminבָהֶ֖םpreposition, suffix, pronominal, 3rd person, masculine, plural — “in”inבְּפָֽרֶךְbefarekhin crueltyפֶּרֶךְpreposition, noun, common, masculine, singular, absolute — “in cruelty”, the ordinary formH6531fracture, i.e. severitycruelty, rigour.

Jewish translation (JPS 1917)

And they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field; in all their service, wherein they made them serve with rigour.

Compare Public-Domain Translations

The King James Version remains the text of this page and the canonical URL.

American Standard Version (1901)

and they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field, all their service, wherein they made them serve with rigor.

Young’s Literal Translation

and make their lives bitter in hard service, in clay, and in brick, and in every [kind] of service in the field; all their service in which they have served [is] with rigour.

World English Bible

and they made their lives bitter with hard service in mortar and in brick, and in all kinds of service in the field, all their service, in which they ruthlessly made them serve.

Darby Translation

and they embittered their life with hard labour in clay and bricks, and in all manner of labour in the field: all their labour with which they made them serve was with harshness.

Douay-Rheims

And they made their life bitter with hard works in clay, and brick, and with all manner of service, wherewith they were overcharged in the works of the earth.

Jewish Publication Society (1917)

And they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field; in all their service, wherein they made them serve with rigour.

Brenton’s Septuagint (1851), English

And they embittered their life by hard labours, in the clay and in brick-making, and all the works in the plains, according to all the works, wherein they caused them to serve with violence.

Septuagint (Brenton’s Greek, 1851)

Καὶ κατωδύνων αὐτῶν τὴν ζωὴν ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς σκληροῖς, τῷ πηλῷ καὶ τῇ πλινθείᾳ, καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις, κατὰ πάντα τὰ ἔργα, ὧν κατεδουλοῦντο αὐτοὺς μετὰ βίας.