King James Version

1 Chronicles 11:15

Now three of the thirty captains went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines encamped in the valley of Rephaim.

Study

Hebrew

Tap a word to see its meaning. Words run left to right in English reading order.

וַיֵּרְד֡וּvayeredvand bring downיָרַדconjunction, verb, qal, sequential imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, plural — “and bring down”, the next action in the storyH3381to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to bring down (in all the above applications)[idiom] abundantly, bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down, fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, [idiom] indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to, let) run down, sink, subdue, take…שְֽׁלוֹשָׁה֩sheloshahthirdשָׁלוֹשׁadjective, cardinal, masculine, singular, absolute — “third”, the ordinary formH7969three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice[phrase] fork, [phrase] often(-times), third, thir(-teen, -teenth), three, [phrase] thrice. Compare H7991 (שָׁלִישׁ).מִןminfromמִןpreposition — “from”H4480properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many sensesabove, after, among, at, because of, by (reason of), from (among), in, [idiom] neither, [idiom] nor, (out) of, over, since, [idiom] then, through, [idiom] whether, with.הַשְּׁלוֹשִׁ֨יםhashloshimthe thirtyשְׁלוֹשִׁיםdefinite article, adjective, cardinal, both genders, plural, absolute — “the thirty”, the ordinary formH7970thirty; or (ordinal) thirtieththirty, thirtieth. Compare H7991 (שָׁלִישׁ).רֹ֤אשׁroshheadרֹאשׁnoun, common, masculine, singular, absolute — “head”, the ordinary formH7218the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)band, beginning, captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company, end, [idiom] every (man), excellent, first, forefront, (be-)head, height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), [idiom] lead, [idiom] poor, principal, ruler, sum, top.עַלalaboveעַלpreposition — “above”H5921above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsabove, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of,…הַצֻּר֙hatsurthe edgeצוּרdefinite article, noun, common, masculine, singular, absolute — “the edge”, the ordinary formH6697properly, a cliff (or sharp rock, as compressed); generally, a rock or boulder; figuratively, a refuge; also an edge (as precipitous)edge, [idiom] (mighty) God (one), rock, [idiom] sharp, stone, [idiom] strength, [idiom] strong. See also H1049 (בֵּית צוּר).אֶלelamongאֵלpreposition — “among”H413near, with or among; often in general, toabout, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).דָּוִ֔ידdavidDavidדָּוִדnoun, proper name — “David”H1732David, the youngest son of JesseDavid.אֶלelamongאֵלpreposition — “among”H413near, with or among; often in general, toabout, according to, after, against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and, by, concerning, for, from, [idiom] hath, in(-to), near, (out) of, over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether, with(-in).מְעָרַ֖תmearatcaveמְעָרָהnoun, common, feminine, singular, construct — “cave”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH4631a cavern (as dark)cave, den, hole.עֲדֻלָּ֑םadulamAdullamעֲדֻלָּםnoun, proper name — “Adullam”H5725Adullam, a place in PalestineAdullam.וּמַחֲנֵ֣הumachanehand armyמַחֲנֶהconjunction, noun, common, both genders, singular, construct — “and army”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH4264an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers, angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or even the sacred courts)army, band, battle, camp, company, drove, host, tents.פְלִשְׁתִּ֔יםfelishtimPhilistineפְּלִשְׁתִּיnoun, gentilic, masculine, plural, absolute — “Philistine”, the ordinary formH6430a Pelishtite or inhabitant of PeleshethPhilistine.חֹנָ֖הchonahencampחָנָהverb, qal, participle, absolute — “encamp”, a verb used as a describing wordH2583properly, to incline; by implication, to decline (of the slanting rays of evening); specifically, to pitch atent; gen. to encamp (for abode or siege)abide (in tents), camp, dwell, encamp, grow to an end, lie, pitch (tent), rest in tent.בְּעֵ֥מֶקbeemeqin valeעֵמֶקpreposition, noun, common, masculine, singular, construct — “in vale”, the of-form, joined to the next wordH6010a vale (i.e. broad depression)dale, vale, valley (often used as a part of proper names). See also H1025 (בֵּית הָעֵמֶק).רְפָאִֽיםrefaimgiantרָפָאnoun, proper name — “giant”H7497a giantgiant, Rapha, Rephaim(-s). See also H1051 (בֵּית רָפָא).

Jewish translation (JPS 1917)

And three of the thirty chiefs went down to the rock to David, unto the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim.

Compare Public-Domain Translations

The King James Version remains the text of this page and the canonical URL.

American Standard Version (1901)

And three of the thirty chief men went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim.

Young’s Literal Translation

And three of the thirty heads go down on the rock unto David, unto the cave of Adullam, and the host of the Philistines is encamping in the valley of Rephaim,

World English Bible

Three of the thirty chief men went down to the rock to David, into the cave of Adullam; and the army of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim.

Darby Translation

And three of the thirty chiefs went down to the rock to David, to the cave of Adullam, when the army of the Philistines was encamped in the valley of Rephaim.

Douay-Rheims

And three of the thirty captains went down to the rock, wherein David was, to the cave of Odollam, when the Philistines encamped in the valley of Raphaim.

Jewish Publication Society (1917)

And three of the thirty chiefs went down to the rock to David, unto the cave of Adullam; and the host of the Philistines were encamped in the valley of Rephaim.

Brenton’s Septuagint (1851), English

And three of the thirty chiefs went down to the rock to David, to the cave of Odollam, and the camp of the Philistines was in the giants' valley.

Septuagint (Brenton’s Greek, 1851)

Καὶ κατέβησαν τρεῖς ἐκ τῶν τριάκοντα ἀρχόντων εἰς τὴν πέτραν πρὸς Δαυὶδ εἰς τὸ σπήλαιον Ὀδολλὰμ, καὶ παρεμβολὴ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων ἐν τῇ κοιλάδι τῶν γιγάντων.